Characteristics of immune induction by transcutaneous vaccination using dissolving microneedle patches in mice

• We conducted transcutaneous vaccination using a dissolving microneedle patch. verified the immune induction mechanism of vaccination. Production some cytokines and chemokines was rapidly induced in skin. Migration skin-resident antigen-presenting cells to lymph nodes promoted. T B cell differentiation more enhanced than subcutaneous immunization. Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is an appealing method. Compared with conventional injectable immunization, TCI easier less painful. previously developed (MN) patch demonstrated that MN patches demonstrates high efficacy without adverse events humans. In this study, we investigated our patch, focusing on inflammatory responses skin dynamics, activation, various immunocompetent draining (dLNs). demonstrate such as IL-6 TNF-α increased at early stage after application, inducing infiltration macrophages neutrophils promoting activation migration (Langerhans Langerin - dermal dendritic cells) dLNs. Moreover, activated reaching dLNs (T eff , em cm ) (plasma memory) cells. This may contribute efficient antigen-specific antibody production by patches. believe findings reveal part provide useful information for development improvement formulations based mechanism.